Chapter VII : Vignette : Boeing Dreamliner Faces a Few Bumps in the Road

1). Is this example of software problems holding up the introduction of a major new product and impacting a firm’s customers and suppliers unusual, or is it a common occurrence?

High quality software systems are easy to learn and use because they perform quickly and efficiently; they meet their users' needs; and they operate safely and reliably so that system downtime  is kept to a minimum. Such software has long been required to support the fields air traffic control, nuclear power, automobile safety, healthcare, military and defense, and space exploration.

2.) What can organizations do to reduce the negative consequences of software development problems in the production of their products and the operation of their business processes and facilities?

The primary goal of software developers is the production of quality systems that meet the needs of the user. Software quality is defined in terms of customer satisfaction. "Risk" is understood as any potential threat to the delivery of a quality product. To meet the goal of quality software, developers focus on particular risks including: project and schedule slips, cost increases, technical and quality risks, the timeliness of the product, risks that the final product will not fit the business for which it was designed. Projects are managed focusing on these risks. Tools used to help identify and manage these risks include: risk tables, and lists of risks categorized by type, probability and impact. The checklist process is reminiscent of the process pilots go through before take off. As airline passenger we are made more comfortable by the fact that they go through this procedure. But unlike pilots, developers choose to ignore some risks. Risks levels are determined based on the anticipated impact of the risk and its probability of occurring. Only risks above limited specified levels are addressed.

http://dl.acs.org.au/index.php/ajis/article/viewFile/202/176

Chapter VI : Case Study # 3 : Lotus v. Borland

1.)Go to your school’s computer lab or a PC software store and experiment with current
versions of any two of the Quattro, Excel, or Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet programs. Write a brief
paragraph summarizing the similarities and differences in the “look and feel” of these two
programs.

Quattro Pro is a spreadsheet program developed by Borland and now sold by Corel, most often as part of Corel's WordPerfect Office suite while Microsoft Excel is a commercial spreadsheet application written and distributed by Microsoft for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X.This is a big bonus to new users of the software who are defecting from other spreadsheet applications. In particular, you can make the choice of working in standard Quattro Pro Mode, Microsoft Excel Mode (based on Excel 2003 and earlier), or Lotus 1-2-3 Mode.

2.)The courts took several years to reverse their initial decision and rule in favor of Borland.
What impact did this delay have on the software industry? How might things have been
different if Borland had received an initial favorable ruling?

The ruling was welcomed by Borland, which would have found it extremely difficult to pay the estimated $100 million in damages sought by Lotus. The case was appealed to the U.S Supreme Court, and in January 1996, five years after the suit began, the court affirmed the appeals court ruling for Borland. The case was significant for the software industry, which had been riddled with infringement lawsuits due to ambiguities in copyright law. The ruling made it clear that software copyrights could be successfully challenged, which further discourage the use of copyright to protect software innovation. As a result, developers had go through the more difficult and expensive patent process to protect their software products. 

3.)Assume that you are the manager of Borland’s software development. With the benefit of
hindsight, what different decisions would you have made about Quattro?

As the manager of Borland's software development I should prefer to made our own words and structure of menu command hierarchy because business is always a business. Every company has its own cleverness if we could make programs or spreadsheets more reliable and easy to use unlike for Lotus 1-2-3. And also I will not sold the Quattro spreadsheet program program because I can upgrade and made a new versions of it, so I can make my own money. 

Chapter VI : Vignette : RIAA Fights Music Piracy

1.) Is the RIAA's strong stand on copyright infringement helping or hurting the recording industry?

Copyright Infringement is a violation of the rights secured by the owner of a copyright. The recording Industry Association of America justifies its strong anti piracy efforts as a means of both protecting the ability of the recording industry to invest new artist and new music,and giving legitimate online music sharing services a chance to be successful. The RIAA's story started on copyright infringement helping the music industry because it justifies anti piracy.

2.)Could an ISP's implementation and enforcement of the RIAA's multitier strategy have an negative impact on the ISP?

No, because ISP's implementation and enforcement of the RIAA's multitier strategy could help RIAA's reputation and it can protect the users of it. And it can notice to its subscribers  or notify its costumers about the notices and ask them to cease and desist. Lastly, ISP  can take a series of escalating sanctions against repeat offenders, ranging from slowing down the network speed to terminating service.  

Chapter V : Case Study # 3 : The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF)

1.)Visit the EFF Web site at www.eff.org and develop a list of its current "hot" issues. Research one EFF issue that interest you, and write a brief paper summarizing EFF's position. Discuss whether you support this position and why.

Global Network Initiative Gets an Inside Look at Tech Firms’ Human Rights Practices
NY Twitter Decision Fails to Recognize Content and Location Data Require a Warrant
And the privacy invasion award goes to …
EFF to Testify at Hearings on Expanding DMCA Exemptions for Jailbreaking and Video Remixing
The 2012 DMCA Rulemaking: A Primer
NY Twitter Decision Fails to Recognize Content and Location Data Require a Warrant
A New York judge's broad opinion, ordering Twitter to comply with a subpoena (PDF) and turn over account information about one of its users arrested for disorderly conduct in connection with an Occupy Wall Street protest, is worse the deeper you dig into it. 
The judge ruled (PDF) that the user, Malcolm Harris, lost ownership of his tweets once he posted them online, and therefore had no legal standing to challenge the subpoena. This decision prompted several worried responses, including our own, because our Fourth Amendment privacy rights should not be surrendered simply because we use online service providers that store information remotely. Even Twitter stepped in to defend Harris, filing a motion to quash (PDF) the subpoena.
The court's acceptance of the government's arguments for disclosure has resulted in a broad opinion that has far reaching consequences to free speech and privacy. The judge now has an opportunity to correct this error and grant Twitter's motion to quash the subpoena. If he doesn't, we hope that the New York appeals court will follow the direction of the Sixth Circuit with respect to contents of communications, and the Supreme Court with respect to location information, and insist on the protections of the Fourth Amendment.

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2012/05/NY-twitter-decision-fails-to-recognize-content-and-location

2.)What reasons might a firm give for joining and supporting EFF?

 EFF is a nonprofit, international advocacy and legal organization based in the United States.It s goal is to protect fundamental civil liberties relating to the use of technology, including free speech, privacy, innovation and consumer rights. It frequently undertakes court cases as an advocate of preserving individual rights. EFF's mission includes educating the press, policy makes and the general public about the liberties. Electronic Frontier Foundation is helping people especially the IT Users and IT-related organizations to be more responsible and to build more knowledgeable marketplace for the products they are selling.

3.)The Vice President of public affairs for your midsized telecommunications equipment company has suggested that the firm donate 10,000 dollars in equipment and services to EFF and become a corporate sponsor. The CEO has asked if you,the CIO , support this action.What would you say?

Being the CIO , I would happily support the certain action. Because it can help EFF do its job well. And to be more reliable to its goal that to protect fundamental civil liberties relating to the use of technology, including free speech, privacy, innovation and consumer rights. And also if the Vice President of public affairs for our midsized telecommunications equipment company as become a corporate sponsor, the EFF would be provide some hardware, software and IT services.

Chapter V: Vignette : Sexting

1.)Does sexting represent a form of expression that is protected by the First Amendment?

No,the First Amendment protects Americans' right to freedom of religion and freedom of expression.Sexting is a type of defamation which is First Amendment forbids. First Amendment interpreted by the Supreme court as applying to entire federal government, even though it only expressed only to Congress. Although people have the right to express, they must also exercise their communications to avoid defamation.

2.)What can be done to protect people from the dangers of sexting while still safeguarding our First Amendment rights?

Although teens are less concerned with online reputation management than adults, that doesn’t mean they’re unaware of the electronic privacy implications of sexting. Teens are fairly well educated as to the dangers of exposing private information or photos digitally. They also understand the impact on their online reputations, at least among their peer groups. Data from the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire suggest that sharing personal information electronically does not on its own correlate with an increased risk of harm. According to a survey of American adolescents, three out of four think sharing personal information or photos online falls between “somewhat safe” and “somewhat unsafe,” similar to how they perceive the dangers of underage drinking. Sexting should be educate respectfully and adopt a healthy digital environment at home, and engage in appropriate monitoring.

Chapter IV : Case Study # 3 : Is Google Watching You?

1.) How does Google's business model use personal data?

Google operates the most popular search engine in the world. Almost all of its revenue derives from its online advertising system embedded in the free products and services it offers to end users. Google offers free e-mail, Web page creation and publishing, blogging, Internet messaging, Web photo albums, online calendars, video sharing, document sharing and so on. First and perhaps foremost is the concern generated by the wealth of personal information Google is able to assemble using a user's login identity. Google then tracks what the user does - what words the user enters in the search engine, what sites the user visits, and the time and date of these events. Google uses this information to fine-tune advertising to the user's needs and preferences.

2.) What do you think are the major privacy concerns raised by Google's business model and applications?

The major privacy concerns raised by Google's business model and applications the corporation argued that Google had pledged to keep it's users' personal information private and that to hand over data would violate the trust of the users. Second, Google contented that in handing over this data, the company would be forced to reveal trade secrets regarding its search technology.Lastly, Google questioned whether the reason behind the DOJ's demand was justifiable and in fact lawful-- based on the  Electronic Communications Privacy Act. Google has done well with privacy relative to other companies.

3.) Do you think Google has taken adequate measures to protect its users' privacy? Explain your answer.

Yes, with its "do no harm" motto we can make sure that Google is making their job so convenient. From there pledge to  keep users' personal information, private and that to hand over data would violate the trust of users and contented that in handing over this data, the company would be forced to reveal trade secrets regarding its search technology . As what Google stated the best way for users to prevent an online breach of their privacy is to learn more about the online products and services they use. We can assure that Google has taken adequate measures to protect the users.

Chapter IV : Vignette : Privacy concerns abound with new IRS sytems

1.) What information about you is being held, who is holding it, and what is this information being used for? 

Information Privacy is the combination of communication privacy and data privacy.The information about me is being held by my parents. And this information being used for many years , it can enter me in different schools , it can hire me for a future job ,  and so on. This information about my self is being used for my identifications and my identity.

2.) What measures are being taken to safeguard this information, and what happens if it is inadvertently disclosed or deliberately stolen ?

In this present days there are many perpetrators that are interested to our identities or privacy. And we should be aware of it. When using social networking sites we should not put all out information if we don't want the identity thieves got all the information about ourselves. If my birth certificate will be stolen or lost. I should prefer to go to the National Statistics Office and report to them that my Birth certificate is lost.